The people of Pakistan are descendents of different racial groups and sub-racial stocks, who entered the subcontinent over the past 5000 years mainly from central and western Asia. Though, Pakistan as an independent country dates only from August 14th, 1947 yet the territories of Pakistan are heir to one of the richest and the oldest civilizations and settlements of the world. Unlike the popular misconception, the areas called Pakistan today had invariably remained as a single, compact and a separate geographical and political entity and always maintained its identity and individuality separate from its neighbor India since ancient times. The world has always known two different countries and cultures in the sub-continent; one based on the Sindhu or Indus (Pakistan) and the other on the Ganges Valley (India) known as Bharatvarta. The Sindhu Land was always notable for its independent existence, completely detached from Gangetic Valley or India. So Pakistan as a part of India is a weak theory having no historical grounding. It was indeed the famous Two Nation Theory formulated by Iqbal and realized by Jinnah that led to the creation of Pakistan in 1947.
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